[筆記] 文化部 2012國際大師人文講座 - What Money Can't Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets

文化部 | Ministry of Culture
2012 國際大師人文講座 | Humanities International Speakers Series
錢買不到的東西 | What Money Can't Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets
邁可•桑德爾 Michael J. Sandel

時間：2012年12月11日(二) 19:30-21:30
Date&Time: Tuesday, 11 Dec 2012 19:30-21:30
地點：國立臺灣大學綜合體育館
Venue: National Taiwan University Sports Center

• 3LL:

1. Without the fancy aid of technology, you can still use the most basic thing to achieve great communication with your audience. (Color cards do just fine.)
2. The market may be neutral, however the ethical debate is still necessary and inevitable.
3. Know thy audience!

• About incentive
  講incentive的時候, 讓我想到這個TED影片:
  The puzzle of motivation
  "As long as the task involved ONLY mechanical skill, bonuses worked as they would be expected: the higher the pay, ther better the performance."
  "But once the task called for "even rudimentary cognitive skill," a larger reward "led to poorer performance."
  所以其實不是只有這個演講提到這個問題?? I suppose....
  http://www.ted.com/talks/dan_pink_on_motivation.html

演講手冊
---引言
這是我第一次拜訪臺灣，十分榮幸且高興能與各位齊聚一堂。
今晚，我們將一起探討這個世代所面臨最重大的道德難題之一：「金錢與市場在良善社會中應該扮演什麼樣的角色？」

這不僅是一場演講，更是一場對話。
希望你們同我一起，針對生活中最值得我們關注的道德與公民問題進行熱烈的討論。
所以請別只是埋頭勤做筆記，而是積極地參與今晚的所有互動。
我相當期待聽取各位的觀點分享，也期待讓你們看見，5,500個人如何以相互尊重的態度，進行一場理性辯論和學習。

2012.12

邁可•桑德爾

---Introduction
"It's a great honor and pleasure for me to join you this evening, on my first visit to Taiwan. Together, we will explore one of the most important moral challenge of our time: What should be the role of money and market in a good society?

This will not only be a lecture, but also a conversation. I hope you will join me in a lively discussion of some of the big moral and civic questions our societies face.

So please don't just listen and take notes, but participate actively in the discussion. I look forward to hearing your opinions, and to showing how 5,500 people can reason together in a spirit of mutual, and learn from one another."

12.2012

邁可•桑德爾

---講者

邁可•桑德爾

美國牛津大學政治哲學博士。33歲獲得哈佛大學教學卓越獎，2008年獲美國政治學會頒發特別成就獎。現任美國哈佛大學教授，也是世界級的學者。他以另類、生動的方式教授大學課程為人津津樂道，其中「正義」(Justice)這門課程，以累積了超過14,000名修課人數。該課程的高人氣，使得哈佛大學自創校以來首次決定將一門課製作成電視節目，像大眾公開。至今，世界各地都有人透過網路或電視收看他講授的「正義」課程(www.JusticeHarvard.org)。他將課程撰寫成《正義：一場思辨之旅》一書在全球各地造成轟動。這幾年教授更積極深入與產官學界的對話，並從哲學思辨中結合世界性議題，完成《錢買不到的東西：金錢與正義的攻防》新作，以更貼近社會大眾共同關心的生活話題為啟發，實為警醒世人的當頭棒喝。

---Speaker
Michael J. Sandel

Sandel received his doctorate from Balliol College, Oxford, as a Rhodes Scholar Later, at age 33, he received the Harvard-Radcliffe Phi Beta Kappa Teaching Prize, and was further recognized by the American Political Science Association for a career of excellence in teaching in 2008.

Sandel, an international scholar and a Harvard professor at the moment, applies his unique and dynamic approaches in his university classes, which inspired many. His widely popular course, "Justice," has attracted over 14,000 students to enroll. The high popularity of the course won it the very first Harvard program freely available to the public. Millions around the world have watched the program on-line or through TV broadcast. (www.JusticeHarvard.org)

---講座講綱
    在我們身處的這個時代，幾乎每樣東西都可以拿來買賣。過去三十年來，市場和市場以前所未有的方式掌控了我們的生活。我們並沒有刻意選擇這樣做，但這種現象似乎就這樣發生在我們身上。
    當然，對於到底和種價值值得我們關注，或是為什麼值得我們關注等問題，總是言人人殊，所以若想判斷哪些東西是金錢應該或是不應該買，我們必須先決定應該是由哪些價值來規範社會及公民生活的各個領域。如何徹底思考這個問題，正是本場講座想要探討的主題。
    試將我希望提供作為參考的答案說明如下：當我們決定某些特定物品可以進行買賣，這代表我們至少在心裡做出了如下的判斷：將這些物品視為商品，或是可藉以獲利及使用的工具，是適切正當的。但並非所有的東西都能用這種方式進行合理的衡量。最顯而易見的例子就是人類的買賣。奴隸制度之所以駭人聽聞，主要就是因為它將人類是為可以在拍賣會中進行交易的商品。這樣的做法並不能適切地衡量人的價值，因為人類有尊嚴也值得受尊重，並不是用來獲利的工具，也不是供使用的物品。
    今晚所探討的例子說明了一個廣泛的重點：生命中某些美好的事物，一旦被轉化為商品，可能會淪於腐化或墮落。若要判定市場在公眾生活與個人關係中，應該扮演的角色及其範圍，我們必須決定，如何去衡量討論的那些事物----健康、教育、家庭生活、大自然、藝術以及公民責任等。這些是道德與政治問題，而不只是經濟問題。要回答這些問題，我們必須針對這些事事物的道德內涵，以及衡量它們的適切方式，逐一進行辯論。
    此場講座想要引導聽眾探討的議題都探觸到有關良善社會及美好生活的爭議觀點，我無法保證每個問題都一定有明確的答案。但是希望至少可以藉此推動對這些議題的公開討論，並提供審視這些問題所需要的哲學架構。

---Speech Outline
    We live in a time when almost everything can be bought and sold. Over the past three years, markets--- and market values---have come to govern our lives as never before. We did not arrive at this condition through any deliberate choice. It is almost as if it came upon us.
    Of course, people disagree about what values are worth caring about, and why. So to decide what money should govern the various domains of social and civic life. How to think this through is the subject of my lecture this evening.
    Here is a preview of the answer I hope to offer: when we decide that certain goods may be bought and sold, we decide, at least implicitly, that it is appropriate to treat them as commodities, as instruments of profit and use. But not all goods are properly valued in this way. The most obvious example is human beings. Slavery was appalling because it treated human beings as commodities, to be bought and sold at auction. Such treatment fails to value human beings in the appropriate way--- as persons worthy of dignity and respect, rather than as instruments of gain and objects of use.
    The examples in discussion this evening illustrate a broader point: some of the good things in life are corrupted or degraded if turned into commodities. So to decide where the market belongs and what role it should play in public life and personal relations, we have to decide how to value the goods in question--- health, education, family life, nature, art, civic duties, and so on. These are moral and political questions, not merely economic ones. To resolve them, we have to debate, case by case, the moral meaning of these goods and  the proper way of valuing them.
    These are the questions this book seeks to address. Since they touch on contested visions of the good society and the good life, I can't promise definitive answers. But I hope at least to prompt public discussion of these questions, and to provide a philosophical framework for thinking them through.

Event Website:
http://2012masters.moc.gov.tw/pages/profile_Michael.aspx